Holyday

Last holyday, I and my family went to Garut. We left Bandung at 10.00, and went there by car. Our trip passed through south traffic line. So, we used toll as we went off Bandung. The weather was sunny, but we also passed some locations that had rainy weather. The trip was about as long as 2 hours. We got there at 12.00.

The place which we were going to was a place like Waterboom , and it is on a hilly location. I can’t remember its name, but it is named after the hill where the place is located.

It was very crowded. At first, we didn’t get any point to put our stuff. But finally we got one near a potato garden. We had lunch, and then some of my family went to the pool. While I and some others climbed the garden which was slope upward.

The view from the top was so exciting. I could see one hill that had different colors of green, it was caused of the sunlight that didn’t lighted every side of that hill.

I just walked around that place. And we went to Bandung at 17.00 to arrive at 19.00.

Oprah Winfrey

Oprah Grail Winfrey was born to unmarried teenage parents. She grew up with her maternal grandmother on a small pig farm in Kosciusko, before moving to Milwaukee to live with her mother.

Her mother's lack of supervision enabled several male relatives and friends to sexually abuse Winfrey, causing her to run away on many occasions. At the age of fourteen, she gave birth to a premature baby, who died shortly after birth.

Winfrey, now faced with a threat of being sent to a children’s home, moved to Nashville to live with her father and his wife, Zelma. Her father was to provide her with the discipline that was lacking in her life.

Her father, Vernon, placed much importance on education, which resulted in Winfrey becoming an honours student at high school. During this time, she was voted Most Popular Girl, joined her high school speech team, and placed second in the nation in dramatic interpretation. She also won an oratory contest, which secured a full scholarship to Tennessee State University. Winfrey also worked at a local radio station during her studies.

After graduating, she accepted a job offer from Nashville's WLAC-TV and in so doing became the youngest news anchor at the station. In 1976, she moved to Baltimore's WJZ-TV to co-anchor the six o'clock news.

In January 1984, Winfrey moved to Chicago to host "A.M. Chicago" for WLS-TV. In less than a year, the show expanded to one hour and was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show. It entered national syndication in 1986, becoming the highest-rated talk show in television history. In 1988, she established Harpo Studios, a production facility in Chicago, making her the third woman in the American entertainment industry (after Mary Pickford and Lucille Ball) to own her own studio.

Oprah made her acting debut in 1985, when she starred in Steven Spielberg's 'The Color Purple'. Her performance in the film earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and nominations for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress.

'The Oprah Winfrey' show is still highly successful. Winfrey has also written six books and produced the film of the novel 'Beloved'. She has received many awards for her broadcasting and humanitarian work. She is also known for her repeated dramatic weight loss and gain.

She followed this up with a number of television movie appearances and voice roles for feature films, before returning to the big screen in 1998 opposite Danny Glover in 'Beloved' based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Toni Morrison. Directed by Jonathan Demme, the film was produced by her studio Harpo Productions.

Thanks to her immense influence, the mere association with the global superstar has been deemed to have advantages, which led to the coining of the phrase the "The Oprah Effect". A mention of a product on her show helped to turn many no names into brand names, with authors among those who benefitted through Oprah's Book Club.

She tested the power of the Oprah Effect in politics when she endorsed US presidential candidate Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election, the first time she made such a move. Research by economists at the University of Maryland revealed that the move delivered over one million votes to Obama.

'The Oprah Winfrey' show continued to be a success, allowing her to net high profile celebrities, including the late Michael Jackson, whose rare prime-time interview became one of the most watched events in American television history with a viewership of 36.5 million people.

Known for her repeated dramatic weight loss and gain, Oprah has received many awards for her broadcasting and humanitarian work and her personal wealth was estimated by Forbes in September 2010 to be over $2.7 billion.

When The Oprah Winfrey Show ends on September 9, 2011, Oprah will still partake in the rapidly shifting and converging media field through The Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), which launched on January 1, 2011.  

In her final season of her talk show, Oprah made ratings soar when she revealed a family secret: she has a half-sister named Patricia. Oprah's mother gave birth to a baby girl in 1963. At the time, Oprah was 9 years old, and living with her father. Lee put the child up for adoption because she believed that she wouldn't be able to get off public assistance if she had another child to care for. Patricia lived in a series of foster homes until she was 7 years old.

Patricia tried to connect with her birth mother through her adoption agency after she became an adult, but Lee did not want to meet her. After doing some research, she approached a niece of Winfrey's, and the two had DNA tests done, which proved they were related.

Winfrey only learned of her sister's existence a few months before she made the decision to publicize the knowledge. "It was one of the greatest surprises of my life," Winfrey said on her show.

Since 1992, Winfrey has been engaged to Stedman Graham, a public relations executive. The couple lives in Chicago, and Winfrey also has homes in Montecito, California, Rolling Prairie, Indiana, and Telluride, Colorado.

http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/oprah-winfrey.html

Uraniborg

Uraniborg - Observatory, Laboratory and Castle

The island of Hven measures about 4.5 by 2.4 kilometres. It is a plateau with steeply rising shores, 20 - 40 meters high. On the highest point, in the middle of the island, 45 meters above the sea, Tycho in 1576 chose to construct his observatory Uraniborg.

Uraniborg was surrounded by 5.5-meter high walls, 75 meters in square. The corners were very accurately orientated in the north-south and east-west directions. The building was in the centre of a circular place, and the space between this and the outer walls was occupied by a garden of Tycho's own design. The inner garden had a strict geometric layout, and there were cultivated flowers and in particular herbs for medical and household purposes. The outer garden consisted of fruit trees.

E been reconstructed with a good approximation of the original vegetation. Clues came from Tycho's own records. In a other part of the garden, the museum shows 150 gardenplants known in Denmark during the renaissance. Improvement of the vegetation is carried on continuously in co-operation with the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

The material in the main building was red brick, with rich decorations of sandstone and limestone. The design was inspired by Dutch architecture. The building had two main floors, one basement floor and a loft floor. On the ground floor, there was a library in southern tower, a kitchen in the northern tower, and in the square centre there were four rooms of equal size. Three of these were intended for guest researchers, the fourth was for Tycho and his family. The second floor had two smaller rooms and one large room. The large room was exclusively intended for royal guests. The basement floor had a storage room for food, salt and fuel. The rest of it was occupied by Tycho's laboratory rooms. The loft floor had 8 small rooms for students. The size of Uraniborg was rather modest: the square central body of the building was 15 by 15 meters.

However, Uraniborg was the first building ever designed with astronomical observations as its primary design criteria. The purpose of all the towers and balconies was that they should serve as instrument platforms. The orientation of the building was chosen for maximum coverage of the sky with the instruments, and to simplify the precise alignment of the great mural quadrant.

Uraniborg main building, Blaeu ´s Atlas major, 1663

Plans of the Uraniborg main building, basement and ground floor. Beckett/Christensen, 1921		Plans of the Uraniborg main building, first and upper storey. Beckett/Christensen, 1921

The great mural quadrant was a masterpiece of simplicity and precision. It served to measure the arc height above the horizon (altitude) when the celestial objects passed the meridian plane, i.e. culminated due south.

Since Uraniborg itself was aligned exactly north-south, the fine alignment of the quadrant and the stability of the alignment were greatly simplified. With an almost 2 meter radius of the brass arc, combined with Tycho's innovative aiming device and the transversally graded scales, the instrument had a resolution of a sixth of an arc minute, i.e. 10 arc seconds. This is the absolute limit for visual readings, and only using optics is it possible to surpass this.


The laboratory in the basement was very well equipped. There were 16furnaces for chemical, medical and alchemical experiments. Some of the furnaces were connected to distillers whose cooling pipes went out of the windows and back into the laboratory. Tycho largely held the results secret, but we know that he spent most of the time developing medicines.

The great Wall Quadrant

Bird's eye view of Uraniborg
Blaeu´s Atlas major, 1663

http://www.tychobrahe.com/UK/uraniborg.html

Dewa Athena Opening 2014

It was on Saturday, February 15th. I got up at about 4.00. Then, I prayed, took shower and had breakfast as usual. But that Saturday was different than the others in high school. At that day, I didn't go to school to have English class. Instead, I went to Bali field because there was Dewa Athena Opening Ceremony. Dewa Athena is an annual sport competition between classes.

I had reached Bali field at 7.00, the opening should be started at  7.30 but it was 30 minutes late. So, at 8.00 the chairman of the event and the headmaster gave their speeches while I and other students stood in lines.

Then, someone called me from backside, she wanted me to leave my line. She asked me to be a player as BMW (women's futsal team in school) of 2016 playing against BMW of 2015. But we failed to win.

After game, I had to leave Bali field because I would go to take another lessons.

Blue Skies and Red Sunsets

The sun emits light waves with a range of frequencies. Some of these frequencies fall within the visible light spectrum and thus are detectable by the human eye. Since sunlight consists of light with the range of visible light frequencies, it appears white. This white light is incident towards Earth and illuminates both our outdoor world and the atmosphere that surrounds our planet. The interaction of visible light with matter will often result in the absorption of specific frequencies of light. The frequencies of visible light that are not absorbed are either transmitted (by transparent materials) or reflected (by opaque materials). As we sight at various objects in our surroundings, the color that we perceive is dependent upon the color(s) of light that are reflected or transmitted by those objects to our eyes. So if we consider a green leaf on a tree, the atoms of the chlorophyll molecules in the leaf are absorbing most of the frequencies of visible light (except for green) and reflecting the green light to our eyes. The leaf thus appears green. And as we view the black asphalt street, the atoms of the asphalt are absorbing all the frequencies of visible light and no light is reflected to our eyes. The asphalt street thus appears black (the absence of color). In this manner, the interaction of sunlight with matter contributes to the color appearance of our surrounding world. In this part of Lesson 2, we will focus on the interaction of sunlight with atmospheric particles to produce blue skies and red sunsets. We will attempt to answer these two questions:

• Why are the skies blue?
• Why are the sunsets red?

The interaction of sunlight with matter can result in one of three wave behaviors: absorption, transmission, and reflection. The atmosphere is a gaseous sea that contains a variety of types of particles; the two most common types of matter present in the atmosphere are gaseous nitrogen and oxygen. These particles are most effective in scattering the higher frequency and shorter wavelength portions of the visible light spectrum. This scattering process involves the absorption of a light wave by an atom followed by reemission of a light wave in a variety of directions. The amount of multidirectional scattering that occurs is dependent upon the frequency of the light. (In fact, it varies according to f4.) Atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen scatter violet light most easily, followed by blue light, green light, etc. So as white light (ROYGBIV) from the sun passes through our atmosphere, the high frequencies (BIV) become scattered by atmospheric particles while the lower frequencies (ROY) are most likely to pass through the atmosphere without a significant alteration in their direction. This scattering of the higher frequencies of light illuminates the skies with light on the BIV end of the visible spectrum. Compared to blue light, violet light is most easily scattered by atmospheric particles. However, our eyes are more sensitive to light with blue frequencies. Thus, we view the skies as being blue in color.

Meanwhile, the light that is not scattered is able to pass through our atmosphere and reach our eyes in a rather non-interrupted path. The lower frequencies of sunlight (ROY) tend to reach our eyes as we sight directly at the sun during midday. While sunlight consists of the entire range of frequencies of visible light, not all frequencies are equally intense. In fact, sunlight tends to be most rich with yellow light frequencies. For these reasons, the sun appears yellow during midday due to the direct passage of dominant amounts of yellow frequencies through our atmosphere and to our eyes.

The appearance of the sun changes with the time of day. While it may be yellow during midday, it is often found to gradually turn color as it approaches sunset. This can be explained by light scattering. As the sun approaches the horizon line, sunlight must traverse a greater distance through our atmosphere; this is demonstrated in the diagram below.

As the path that sunlight takes through our atmosphere increases in length, ROYGBIV encounters more and more atmospheric particles. This results in the scattering of greater and greater amounts of yellow light. During sunset hours, the light passing through our atmosphere to our eyes tends to be most concentrated with red and orange frequencies of light. For this reason, the sunsets have a reddish-orange hue. The affect of a red sunset becomes more pronounced if the atmosphere contains more and more particles. The presence of sulfur aerosols (emitted as an industrial pollutant and by volcanic activity) in our atmosphere contributes to some magnificent sunsets (and some very serious environmental problems).



http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/u12l2f.cfm

Why Is The Sky Blue?

http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/blue-sky/en/

It is easy to see that the sky is blue. Have you ever wondered why? A lot of other smart people have, too. And it took a long time to figure it out!

The light from the Sun looks white. But it is really made up of all the colors of the rainbow.

A prism is a specially shaped crystal. When white light shines through a prism, the light is separated into all its colors.

The light from the Sun looks white. But it is really made up of all the colors of the rainbow.

If you visited The Land of the Magic Windows, you learned that the light you see is just one tiny bit of all the kinds of light energy beaming around the Universe--and around you!

Like energy passing through the ocean, light energy travels in waves, too. Some light travels in short, "choppy" waves. Other light travels in long, lazy waves. Bluelight waves are shorter than red light waves.

All light travels in a straight line unless something gets in the way to—

• reflect it (like a mirror)
• bend it (like a prism)
• or scatter it (like molecules of the gases in the atmosphere)

Sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and particles in the air. Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.

Closer to the horizon, the sky fades to a lighter blue or white. The sunlight reaching us from low in the sky has passed through even more air than the sunlight reaching us from overhead. As the sunlight has passed through all this air, the air molecules have scattered and rescattered the blue light many times in many directions. Also, the surface of Earth has reflected and scattered the light. All this scattering mixes the colors together again so we see more white and less blue.

Summary and Moral Value

Big Turtle story tells us about the world long time ago, when people lived in the beautiful Sky World and animals lived in under the Sky World which was all water. One day, a girl in the Sky World who was on her way, took a rest under a tree and fell asleep because she was very tired.

Suddenly, a big thunder made a big hole at where the girl sleeping She got up as she fell into the hole. Two swans that were swimming in the World Water, spread their wings to catch the falling girl.The swans and the girl didn't know what to do, it was impossible for the girl to come back to the Sky World but she also couldn't live in water or stay on swans wings.

The swans finally took the girl to Big Turtle and told him the incident. He called all water animals, telling them an old story about soil in deep water.

 It made everyone struggled for their chances to dive to deep water in an argument. Then, Toskwaye, an ugly little toad came and wanted her chance to dive. Everyone laughed at her because they thought she couldn't dive that deep. But Big Turtle said that all animals had their chances to dive.

 Other animals failed to get the soil, until Toskwaye's turn to dive. Everyone was afraid she couldn't get back. But after a while, she appeared on the water surface with the soil. She did it, though she died after it.

Big Turtle ordered the others to rub and spread the soil onto his shell. It grew to be an island that the girl could live on it. That is American Native Indian's legend about the world where we live nowadays, and Toskwaye is Mashutana -means Our Grandmother.

From the story, we can learn many things from the characters's characteristics. The swans teach us to help other people in trouble or difficulty. The water animals teach us not to underrate anyone because of his/her outward appearance, they might be better than us in other case. Toskwaye's characteristic teaches us not to depend on people's mockeries. BigTurtle's characteristic also make us learn that we have to be able to solve every problems wisely.